Overbite, Underbite, Crossbite & Open Bite: What’s the Difference?

18 November 2025

Overbite, Underbite, Crossbite & Open Bite: What’s the Difference?

Many people assume that orthodontics is simply about straightening teeth, but bite issues can affect much more than just appearance. Whether you’ve noticed that your teeth don’t meet properly or you’re experiencing jaw discomfort, understanding your bite can be the first step towards feeling better and improving your oral health.

In Richmond, patients often visit The Smile Studios – Richmond, unsure of the type of bite concern they have. They may simply know something “doesn’t feel right” when they eat, speak, or smile. Bite alignment can influence everyday comfort, confidence, and even long-term dental health — which is why learning the difference between common bite types is so important.

Understanding the four most common bite types

What is an overbite?

An overbite occurs when the upper front teeth sit noticeably in front of the lower front teeth. A slight overbite is normal, but when it becomes too deep, it may cause:

• Increased wear on lower teeth.
• Jaw discomfort or tension.
• Challenges with biting into hard foods.

Many patients seek overbite correction not just for aesthetics, but because the imbalance can put strain on the jaw joints. Over time, excessive pressure can lead to chipped teeth or gum irritation.

What is an underbite?

An underbite is when the lower teeth extend in front of the upper teeth. This can create a “reverse” bite appearance and may affect how someone speaks or chews. People considering underbite treatment often mention difficulty biting into foods or feeling self-conscious when smiling.

When left untreated, an underbite may contribute to:

• Jaw discomfort.
• Excessive tooth wear.
• Speech difficulties.

Early evaluation is recommended for children, but adults can also benefit from modern alignment options.

What is a crossbite?

A crossbite happens when certain upper teeth sit inside the lower teeth instead of outside. It can affect just one tooth or a wider section of teeth. Patients with crossbites often notice:

• Uneven wear on teeth.
• Clicking or discomfort in the jaw.
• Cheeks accidentally getting bitten.

Because a crossbite can push the jaw into an uneven position, dentists may suggest aligning the bite to prevent long-term problems.

What is an open bite?

With an open bite, the front teeth don’t touch when the back teeth are closed together. This can make biting into sandwiches, apples, or other foods more difficult. Some patients also experience a lisp or speech differences due to the gap between the teeth.

Common causes include:

• Thumb or dummy (dummy = dummy/pacifier) habits during childhood.
• Tongue thrusting.
• Genetic jaw growth patterns.

Open bite alignment can improve comfort when eating and may help speech feel more natural.

Why bite alignment matters

Bite alignment isn’t just cosmetic — it influences the entire mouth. If teeth don’t meet properly, they may wear down unevenly or cause tension in the jaw muscles. Correct alignment helps distribute pressure evenly across the teeth and can make everyday activities more comfortable.

At The Smile Studios – Richmond, dentists take time to listen to concerns and explain treatment options in simple, supportive language. Whether someone needs braces or clear aligners, the goal is always improved function and long-term oral health.

Simple signs you may have a bite concern

• Difficulty biting into or chewing certain foods.
• Jaw discomfort, especially in the mornings.
• Speech changes (such as a slight lisp).
• Noticeable gaps or overlapping teeth.

If you’re experiencing any of these, it may be worth booking an assessment to explore gentle, personalised options for improving bite alignment.

How can you fix bite problems?

The good news is that most bite concerns can be treated gently and effectively. The first step is usually a bite assessment, where a dentist or orthodontic professional checks how your teeth and jaw sit together. X-rays, digital scans, or photos may be used to understand the full picture, but the process is simple and comfortable.

Treatment options may include:

• Clear aligners – A popular choice among adults because they’re removable and discreet. They gradually guide teeth into better alignment.
• Braces – Suitable for a broad range of bite concerns. Modern braces are smaller, smoother and more comfortable than older styles.
• Elastics (orthodontic rubber bands) – Often used with braces or aligners to gently move the jaw into a healthier position.
• Habit correction for children – If thumb-sucking or tongue thrusting is affecting development, guidance and early support can prevent worsening of an open bite.

Every treatment plan is personalised. What works for one person may be different for another, depending on age, lifestyle, and the complexity of the bite issue. The aim is always the same: improved function, comfort, and long-term oral health.

At The Smile Studios – Richmond, patients are guided through their options with clear explanations and time to ask questions. Many feel relieved simply knowing there is a straightforward path forward.

Frequently asked questions

1. What causes bite problems?

Bite problems, also known as malocclusions, can result from genetic factors, early loss of baby teeth, thumb-sucking habits, jaw growth discrepancies, or misalignment due to injury. They may also develop when teeth are crowded, spaced too far apart, or erupt abnormally.

2. Can bite issues fix themselves?

In most cases, bite issues do not correct themselves. While children’s jaws and teeth are still developing, early orthodontic intervention can help guide proper alignment. For adults, professional orthodontic treatment is usually required to correct bite problems effectively.

3. Is Invisalign suitable for correcting an overbite?

Yes, Invisalign can effectively correct mild to moderate overbites. Using clear, custom aligners, Invisalign gradually moves your teeth and helps reposition the jaw for a more balanced bite. However, severe overbites may require additional orthodontic solutions. A consultation at The Smile Studios Richmond can determine the correct treatment plan for you.

4. How do I know if I have a crossbite or an underbite?

A crossbite occurs when some of your upper teeth sit inside your lower teeth when you bite down. An underbite, on the other hand, is when your lower teeth extend beyond your upper front teeth. If you notice uneven wear, jaw discomfort, or misalignment when closing your mouth, it’s better to schedule an orthodontic assessment for a precise diagnosis.

5. How long does orthodontic treatment take in The Smile Studios Richmond?

The duration of orthodontic treatment varies based on the complexity of the case and the type of treatment chosen. On average, treatments like Invisalign at The Smile Studios Richmond take between 6 months to 18 months. Your orthodontist will provide a tailored timeline during your consultation.

Conclusion

Understanding the difference between overbite, underbite, crossbite, and open bite can help you feel more in control of your oral health. Every smile is unique, and addressing bite alignment can lead to improved comfort, healthier teeth, and greater confidence.

If you live in Richmond and think you may have a bite concern, The Smile Studios – Richmond is available to guide you through your options for achieving a healthier, more comfortable smile with Orthodontics in Richmond.